[Download] "Smoke in the Hills, Gunfire in the Valley': War and Peace in Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea." by Oceania * Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Smoke in the Hills, Gunfire in the Valley': War and Peace in Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea.
- Author : Oceania
- Release Date : January 01, 2005
- Genre: Social Science,Books,Nonfiction,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 213 KB
Description
The film Black Harvest (1992), documents an outbreak of 'tribal fighting' in the Nebilyer Valley, Western Highlands of PNG, in the early 1990s. The film introduces the conflict as follows: pre The Ganiga were gathered on their tribal border contemplating an attack on the village of their traditional enemies. Warfare had erupted between two neighbouring tribes. And although the Ganiga were not directly involved, they'd been asked, as was customary, to join in. /pre The two neighbouring tribes are not named in the film. However, the 'traditional enemies' on whose village the narrator announced the Ganiga were contemplating an attack were the Poi Penambe. Poi Penambe are allies of the Kulka, major enemies of the Ulka, of which the Ganiga comprise a segment. (1) The Ulka and the Kulka, are large tribes with many levels of internal segmentation. (2) The raid on the Poi Penambe in January 1990 and some of the violence that followed, and its consequences for Ganiga and their relationship with plantation owner, Joe Leahy, in the coffee business, is vividly documented in Black Harvest. The conflict died down briefly before another event (or series of events) a few months later (in June 1990) re-ignited fighting between Ganiga and Poi Penambe. Fighting between these enemy groups occurred intermittently until in 1992, after an incident on Joe Leahy's Kilima plantation, the situation escalated into a major war between the Ulka and the Kulka that was to continue for many years before a peace accord was signed between the protagonists at a place called Tega in 1997 (see map in Rumsey 2000a:143). Tega was a bare piece of grassland considered neutral ground because it had earlier been the location of an administrative centre. However, during the war, all the buildings (including the police station and the school) were destroyed. According to Ganiga informants, the Ulka and Kulka have always been major enemies (see also Nakinch 1977; Rumsey 2000a:146). Although they might live in a state of uneasy peace for many years, open conflict can erupt at any time.